In December last year I was privileged to attend and facilitate sessions on #digitaltransformation and ##dataprotection #Culturalheritage in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. What was unique about this conference that it wasn't held in a hotel, but rather was hosted at the The Ethiopian National Archives and Library Agency https://nationalreadingcampaign.org/nala/. A very special thanks must be given to the Ministry of Innovation and Technology and especially Yikunoamlak Mezgebu who really went out of their way to support the event.
But this post goes beyond that. In the reading library where the event was held, built by Emperor Haile Selassie, and where he used to read, the Archives presented a number of astounding manuscripts which are recognised by UNESCO as World Cultural heritage. Here are the key learnings for me of a deeply profound experience:
- Firstly, these manuscripts are absolutely beautiful. Many were made from sheep skin, others from parchment, but all are magnificent pieces of art and heritage. This introduces its own challenges. They are fragile, and need to be preserved, as valuable museum pieces, as heritage artifacts of great beauty and historical value. The National Archives is doing this, and they are wonderfully preserved, even though they carry the natural damage expected after many hundreds of years.
- The next one is more challenging. In addition to the heritage value, the content itself has value, and needs to be made available. The physical originals are clearly too valuable to be made available to researchers, but the content needs to be, and thus has been digitised.
- This brings me to the most important point. Whilst I am a strong advocate of digitising, there will always remain the fact that some objects have more than one value. Historical, cultural, research, business or legal value. So even when digitising, part of the project, especially for archives, is to ensure that the originals (where they have historical or cultural value in their own right), must always be preserved, even if the content is digitised and made available for researchers and others.
Below are images and descriptions of some of the UNESCO World Heritage Documents at the Library.
Click the thumbnail to view all the images.
For information, the specific artifacts declared as UNESCO World Heritage Documents are:
- The Four Gospels. the Gospel of Matthew, Luke, Mark and John which was written in the 14th AD in Geez language on a parchment
- The book of the prophet Enoch written in Geez language in 14th AD on a parchment
- The 14 Epistles of St.Paul, a book written in a Geez language in the 15th AD
- Psalms of king David, a book written in Geez in the 16th AD
- The Book of Justice, a book that served as a source of law in Ethiopia and was written over parchment
- The Book of Liturgy, a book written on parchment during the 17th century AD
- The book of chronicles, a book written on parchment and narrates the story of kings and queens of Ethiopia since the 10th century BC
- The history book of Emperor Menilk II King of Kings Ethiopia, a book written in the 20th AD
- The book of the passion week, a book written on parchment with horse skin in the 15th AD
- The letter of Emperor Menilik II to the Russian king Nicholas. This is a letter written in Amharic to address Italy’s aggression on Ethiopia
- The letter of King Sahleselasie of Shewa to the Queen of England. A letter written in the 19th century AD in Amharic to the Queen regarding the status of British who were living in Ethiopia
- The letter of Emperor Tewodros to Queen Victoria of England. The letter is written in Amharic which expresses the Emperor’s aspirations for modernization.